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How to identify true and false corals
Corals are calcium carbonate structures secreted by marine organisms known as coral polyps. These formations often exhibit a branching or dendritic pattern. Most corals are naturally white, though some can display vibrant colors such as red, blue, black, gold, and yellowish-brown. Due to their striking appearance, naturally colored corals are highly valued in jewelry design and handicrafts, making them popular among collectors.
Identifying real coral is relatively straightforward when you know what to look for. One of the primary methods involves visual inspection:
From a longitudinal view, corals typically show parallel growth lines running along their length, with visible coral spires or pillars. If the coral has a ring-like structure, the growth pattern will be on the outer side. For sculpted pieces, these lines may appear on the surface.
When viewed from the cross-section, corals display concentric growth rings, varying in size and appearing like tree rings. These patterns are commonly seen in coral-based ornaments.
Color is another key indicator. Natural corals have a gradient coloration, with deeper hues near the surface and lighter tones toward the center. This uneven coloring is a natural feature. If the color is uniform throughout, it's likely an imitation.
There are several common methods used to counterfeit corals:
First, sea willow and sea bamboo are sometimes used to create coral-like ornaments. These imitations have a distinct longitudinal texture, but lack the unique porous structure found in real corals.
Second, some fake corals are made by filling shallow, porous coral structures with plastic and then dyeing them. These imitations tend to be smooth, brittle, and prone to fading quickly, making them easy to detect.
Third, synthetic corals are created by grinding down natural coral fragments or other shell materials and re-molding them into artificial shapes. These fakes lack natural textures and often look identical to each other, with colors that easily fade.
Fourth, various types of jade or mineral stones, such as dolomite or calcite, are dyed to resemble coral. While they may look uniform at first glance, they usually lack luster and tend to lose color over time.
Lastly, plastic-based imitations are also common. These products are lightweight, lack natural texture, and do not possess the organic luster of real coral. They often feel artificial and fail to capture the charm of genuine coral.
By understanding these characteristics and differences, it becomes easier to distinguish between authentic and imitation corals. Whether for collecting, jewelry-making, or simply appreciation, knowing how to identify real coral adds value and authenticity to any piece.