Jade is a beautiful word in the minds of Chinese people. Only Jade characters received by Shuo Wen Jie Zi have more than 100 words, and the vocabulary composed of it is countless, and it contains more noble and beautiful. Cultural significance such as steadiness. Today, we also use the ice-clear jade, the golden jade full house, the jade, the jade body, etc. to refer to those beautiful things. Even the names are often used in the words of jade or jade radicals, which shows the love and worship of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor.

Generally speaking, any kind of object is loved and respected, probably for two reasons: First, the material and external form of the object make people aesthetically pleasing, and the object is hidden. The cultural connotation of the inclusion makes people identify and love. Chinese jade is the perfect combination of the two. It not only has a beautiful texture and shape, but also has a humanistic concept, emotion and national spirit. Dr. Joseph Needham of the United Kingdom once praised in the History of Chinese Science and Technology: "The hobby of jade can be said to be one of the characteristics of Chinese culture. Its texture, shape and color have inspired sculptors for more than 3,000 years. Inspiration for painters and poets." The famous modern scholar Zhang Hongyi also sighed: "The jade and the nation are more united and united and have an inseparable view. Anyone who studies the Chinese national history must know the beginning and end of the jade." It can be said that Chinese jade articles not only contain the goodness of the nation, but also the wisdom of the nation, and the national sentiments, reflecting the social structure and philosophical thinking in different historical periods, and also in Chinese politics, religion, culture, and thought. It plays a very important role and plays a social function and role that cannot be replaced by other arts and crafts. At the same time, Shang Yu and Gui Yu have also become a social trend of the Chinese nation. Chinese jade is also favored and cherished by the world for its unique artistic characteristics.

Material beauty

In ancient times, jade was synonymous with beautiful stone. In the Han Dynasty, Xu Shen said in "Shu Wen Jie Zi": "Jade, the beauty of stone, there are five virtues." Mr. Yang Boda believes: "The discoverer of the beauty of jade should be the person who is looking for jade and jade, these two things. At first, it was often undertaken by one person. They gradually discovered and understood the beauty of jade in the tools of finding and healing jade, and formed the beauty and concept of jade. This beauty is the color, luster and hardness and toughness of jade in the mind. The reflection and the formation of feelings and understanding. Those who recognize and love the beauty of jade will process them into ornaments such as enamel, beads and tubes to dress themselves up." Judging from the current archaeological data, the ancients of the Neolithic Age had a very high level of understanding of jade. The jade artifacts unearthed from Hongshan culture, Liangzhu culture, Longshan culture and other prehistoric cultures were all identified by mineralogy. Medium tremolite stone.

Tremolite, colorless, is a water- and fluorine-containing calcium magnesium silicate with no iron or iron content. The hardness is 6--6.5 degrees, because the single crystal is mostly made of fiber-like fine interlaced polymerization, so its texture shows a warm and delicate translucent feeling. Xinjiang Hetian jade is the best tremolite in the world. The common colors are white, blue, yellow, blue and ink. From the late Neolithic period, the high-quality Hetian jade began to enter the Central Plains, the Spring and Autumn Warring States, especially after the Han Dynasty, Hetian jade became the treasure of the emperor's nobles. In the Qing Dynasty, due to the Emperor Qianlong's love for jade, the amount of Hetian jade reached the peak of history. Only the court used jade to reach dozens of tons every year, which provided excellent materials for jade production at that time.

Because Hetian jade material is delicate in texture, soft and not dazzling, the whole body presents a subtle and soft aesthetic, so there is a saying that "the gentleman is better than the jade", and even the jade is personalized. "Book of Rites, Employing Righteousness" contains: Zigong asked Confucius: "Don't ask the gentleman and the nobles, why? How much is it for the jade?" Confucius said: "There is not much Therefore, it is also the same; the jade is the widow, so the noble is also. The husband, the gentleman is better than the jade; the gentle and the Ze, the benevolent; the secret is the chestnut, the wisdom is also; the innocence is not the embarrassment, the righteousness; , Li also; the sound of the Qing dynasty is longer, and its end is stunned, music is also; 瑕 瑕 , , , , , , , , , , 瑜 瑜 瑜 瑜 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; You, Dao. Shi Yun: 'Like the gentleman, Wen Qiru jade. 'There is also a gentleman." Here, according to the physical properties of jade and the needs of society, Confucius gave the tenth of the essence of the heaven and earth to the tenth. A kind of virtue, so that jade develops into a kind of "de" jade with ethical and political values ​​(filial piety and loyalty to the monarch), and becomes the carrier and embodiment of truth, goodness and beauty. This glorious image of jade has played an invaluable role and role in shaping the outstanding national character of the Chinese nation, the cultivation of moral concepts, and the construction of spiritual civilization in the whole society for thousands of years.

When Confucius proposed that there were eleven virtues in the jade, there were also the sayings that "the jade has nine virtues" and the "jade has seven virtues" of the scorpion. The core content is based on the benevolence and morality advocated by Confucius. In the Han Dynasty, the ruler "exclusively respected Confucianism" made the "Yude" theory further refined and strengthened. Xu Shen's "Said Wen Jie Zi" Shi Yuxi: "The beauty of stone has five virtues, the moistness of the warmth, the benevolence of the side, the corner of the mind from the outside, you can know the middle, the righteous side, its sound is soothing, specifically Far from the smell, the wisdom of the party is also not worthy of the fold, the courage of the party, the sharp and not the embarrassing, the squatting side also. "If you interpret it into vernacular, that is, "has a moist color, like a gentleman's virtue; The table is like one, it is not false, it is like the gentleman's righteousness; the sound is so sweet and pleasant when striking, spread to the distance, like the gentleman's wisdom; Ning broken and not bent, like a gentleman's brave; cut the edge of the square and not Injury, like the gentleman's Jude. "It can be seen that the ancients attached great importance to the texture and characteristics of jade, especially the fat white jade in Hetian jade, which has been highly praised by the ancients and has long been a symbol of noble morality and pure soul. At the same time, it is not difficult to see that Wenrun is a prominent feature in the natural attributes of Jade, which is consistent with the moral norms and national character pursued by the Chinese ancestors. The beauty of jade is combined with goodness to symbolize love, peace and harmony. The characteristic of the warmth of jade expresses the beautiful wishes of the Chinese ancestors and makes it the favorite of the descendants of the Yellow Emperor.

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