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At present, the structure of natural dyes is not very clear, and the extraction process is backward, which makes it difficult to standardize production and is not conducive to large-scale application.
In application, except for a few types, natural dyes have the problems of low dye uptake and poor color fastness. Many mordants have not met the requirements, especially the light fastness and soaping fastness. Such as natural dye dyed yellow, light fastness is only 3 to 4 levels. In addition, traditional methods for dyeing natural dyes still have problems such as low color amount and long dyeing time. Most natural dyes use mordants when they are dyed. Traditional mordants mostly contain heavy metal ions, many of which are listed on the list of eco-textiles. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the traditional dyeing methods and develop new mordants to replace the traditional mordants containing heavy metal ions. For example, researchers used rare earth-citric acid complexes as mordants to dye ramie fibers.
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Problems with natural dye applications
Natural dyes are good for environmental protection, but because natural dyes are mostly derived from animals and plants, pigment content is relatively low. To obtain enough dyes, large quantities of plants must be harvested or cut, or animals must be hunted. This will in turn cause damage to the ecological environment. Therefore, how to reasonably develop and produce natural dyes is an important topic in this field, such as artificial cultivation of plant dyes, production and application of microbial pigments.